Autophagy

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism. In certain stressful situations, lysosomes degrade degenerated, damaged, aged or non-functional cells, organelles and biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to achieve cellular protection and organelles from cell damage. Autophagy is achieved by forming a bilayer membrane structure in the cytoplasm that wraps the material to be removed and transports it to the lysosome for degradation. In multicellular organisms, newly formed autophagic vesicles form autophagic endosomes by fusing with vesicles in different stages of the endocytic lysosomal pathway, such as early endosomes and late endosomes, before fusing with lysosomes, a process known as autophagic vesicle maturation. Abnormalities in autophagosome maturation, which is precisely regulated by cellular trophic state and stress signaling pathways, lead to the accumulation of large amounts of damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates in cells.

Cat. No.	Product name
BP12778	Sedanolide
BP12778	Sedanolide is a natural phthalide first isolated from seed oil of the Umbelliferae family, including celery.
BP12779	Nilotinib
BP12779	Nilotinib is a second-generation Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity.
BP12780	Sofalcone
BP12780	Sofalcone, a gastric antiulcer agent in clinical use, is known to induce the expression of Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in gastric epithelium.
BP12781	Tolbutamide
BP12781	Tolbutamide is a sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.
BP12782	AS-605240
BP12782	AS-605240 is an effective and specific inhibitor of PI3Kγ (IC50/Ki: 87.8 nM).
BP12783	Pentoxifylline
BP12783	Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility.
BP12784	Pifithrin-μ
BP12784	Pifithrin-μ is an inhibitor of p53 and HSP70, with neuroprotective and antitumor activity.
BP12785	Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate
BP12785	Sitagliptin phosphate is a potent inhibitor of DPP-IV with IC50 of 19 nM in Caco-2 cell extracts.
BP12786	Sitagliptin phosphate
BP12786	Sitagliptin phosphate is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor.
BP12787	Fenretinide
BP12787	Fenretinide is an orally-active synthetic retinoid derivative with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities.
BP12788	Reversine
BP12788	Reversine, a small synthetic purine analogue (2, 6-disubstituted purine), is a potent inhibitior of Aurora A/B/C(IC50s=150-500 nM).
BP12789	Metformin
BP12789	Metformin is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator that improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose.
BP12790	(E)-Daporinad
BP12790	Daporinad is a small molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NMPRTase), with potential antineoplastic and antiangiogenic activities.
BP12791	Nimodipine
BP12791	Nimodipine, a 1, 4-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, acts primarily on vascular smooth muscle cells.
BP12792	Iohexol
BP12792	Iohexol is an X-ray contrast medium containing iohexol in various concentrations, from 140 to 350 milligrams of iodine per milliliter.
BP12793	MSX-127
BP12793	MSX-127 elicites positive response in peptide CXCR4.
BP12794	Motixafortide
BP12794	Motixafortide (BKT140 4-fluorobenzoyl) is an antagonist of CXCR4 (IC50: 1 nM).
BP12795	Forskolin
BP12795	Forskolin, a potent activator of the adenylate cyclase (EC50: 0.5 μM), can increase the cAMP level. It is extracted from the plant Coleus forskohlii.
BP12796	E-64
BP12796	E-64 is an irreversible and specific cysteine protease inhibitor. The IC50 of E-64 for papain is 9 nM.
BP12797	Glucosamine hydrochloride
BP12797	Glucosamine is commonly used as a treatment for osteoarthritis, although its acceptance as a medical therapy varies.