Autophagy

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism. In certain stressful situations, lysosomes degrade degenerated, damaged, aged or non-functional cells, organelles and biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to achieve cellular protection and organelles from cell damage. Autophagy is achieved by forming a bilayer membrane structure in the cytoplasm that wraps the material to be removed and transports it to the lysosome for degradation. In multicellular organisms, newly formed autophagic vesicles form autophagic endosomes by fusing with vesicles in different stages of the endocytic lysosomal pathway, such as early endosomes and late endosomes, before fusing with lysosomes, a process known as autophagic vesicle maturation. Abnormalities in autophagosome maturation, which is precisely regulated by cellular trophic state and stress signaling pathways, lead to the accumulation of large amounts of damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates in cells.

Cat. No.	Product name
BP12738	Fluoxetine
BP12738	Fluoxetine is the first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.
BP12739	Andrographolide
BP12739	Andrographolide(Andrographis), an irreversible antagonist of NF-κB, has anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet aggregation activities and potential antineoplastic.
BP12740	Paeonol
BP12740	Paeonol is an active extraction from Paeonia suffruticosa. Paeonol inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 of 54.6 μM and 42.5 μM, respectively.
BP12741	Thonzonium Bromide
BP12741	Thonzonium bromide is a cationic surface-active compound.
BP12742	WZ811
BP12742	WZ811 is a novel and effective small molecular CXCR4 antagonist (EC50: 0.3 nM).
BP12743	Mavorixafor
BP12743	Mavorixafor is an effective and selective antagonist of CXCR4, with an IC50 value of 13 nM against CXCR4 125I-SDF binding. Mavorixafor inhibits the replication of T-tropic HIV-1 (NL4.3 strain) in MT-4 cells (IC50 = 1 nM) and PBMCs (IC50 = 9 nM).
BP12744	Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside
BP12744	Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside is an active component isolated from Paris polyphylla with anti-colorectal cancer activity. It modulates autophagy via increasing the expressions of autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin-1.
BP12745	Nitazoxanide
BP12745	Nitazoxanide is a synthetic benzamide with antiprotozoal activity. Nitazoxanide exerts its antiprotozoal activity by interfering with the pyruvate ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase dependent electron transfer reaction.
BP12746	Fluoxetine hydrochloride
BP12746	Fluoxetine is the first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.
BP12747	(±)-Vestitol
BP12747	Vestitol has antioxidation, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, it can strongly act in a low dose and concentration and have a promising potential to be applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Vestitol inhibits neutrophils migration in the inflammatory process.
BP12748	Calmidazolium chloride
BP12748	Calmidazolium chloride is a calmodulin (CaMK) antagonist (Kd = 3 nM), antagonizing CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase(IC50 = 0.15 μM) and calmodulin-induced activation of erythrocyte Ca2+-transporting ATPase(IC50 = 0.35 μM). Calmidazolium chloride also induces apoptosis in certain cancer cell lines.
BP12749	Ridaforolimus
BP12749	Ridaforolimus is a small molecule and non-prodrug analogue of the lipophilic macrolide antibiotic rapamycin with potential antitumor activity. Ridaforolimus binds to and inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which may result in cell cycle arrest and, consequently, the inhibition of tumor cell growth and proliferation. Upregulated in some tumors, mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase involved in regulating cellular proliferation, motility, and survival that is located downstream of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
BP12750	Fexaramine
BP12750	Fexaramine is a small molecule farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist with 100-fold increased affinity compared to natural compounds.
BP12751	Sulfaguanidine
BP12751	Sulfaguanidine, a sulfonamide, is served as an anti-infective agent.
BP12752	Idarubicin hydrochloride
BP12752	Idarubicin HCl, a hydrochloride salt form of Idarubicin, is a DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) inhibitor for MCF-7 cells ( IC50: 3.3 ng/mL).
BP12753	KJ Pyr 9
BP12753	KJ Pyr 9 is an MYC inhibitor (Kd: 6.5 nM in vitro assay).
BP12754	Schisandrol B
BP12754	Gomisin A may exert neuroprotective effects by attenuating the microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response via inhibiting the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Gomisin A has anti-inflammatory property, potentially result from the inhibition of COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α and NO through the down-regulation of RIP2 and NF-κB activation. Gomisin A induces marked protective effects against hepatic and renal injury induced by CCl(4) exposure through differential regulation of the MAPK signal transduction pathway. Gomisin A significantly inhibits cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, due to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase with the downregulation of cyclin D1 expression and Retinoblastoma (RB) phosphorylation.
BP12755	Losmapimod
BP12755	Losmapimod (GW856553X; SB856553; GSK-AHAB) is a specific, potent, and orally active p38 MAPK inhibitor (pKi: 8.1/7.6 for p38α/β).
BP12756	Theophylline
BP12756	Theophylline is a methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3', 5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.
BP12757	PH-797804
BP12757	PH-797804 is a pyridinone inhibitor of p38α (IC50: 26 nM, in a cell-free assay); 4-fold more selective versus p38β and does not inhibit JNK2.