Autophagy

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism. In certain stressful situations, lysosomes degrade degenerated, damaged, aged or non-functional cells, organelles and biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to achieve cellular protection and organelles from cell damage. Autophagy is achieved by forming a bilayer membrane structure in the cytoplasm that wraps the material to be removed and transports it to the lysosome for degradation. In multicellular organisms, newly formed autophagic vesicles form autophagic endosomes by fusing with vesicles in different stages of the endocytic lysosomal pathway, such as early endosomes and late endosomes, before fusing with lysosomes, a process known as autophagic vesicle maturation. Abnormalities in autophagosome maturation, which is precisely regulated by cellular trophic state and stress signaling pathways, lead to the accumulation of large amounts of damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates in cells.

Cat. No.	Product name
BP22526	Curcumin
BP22526	Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane), a natural phenolic compound, is a p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. Curcumin shows inhibitory effects on NF-κB and MAPKs, and has diverse pharmacologic effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. Curcumin induces stabilization of Nrf2 protein through Keap1 cysteine modification.
BP22534	Carfilzomib
BP22534	Carfilzomib (PR-171) is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM in ANBL-6 and RPMI 8226 cells.
BP22503	Ruxolitinib
BP22503	Ruxolitinib (INCB18424) is a potent and selective JAK1/2 inhibitor with IC50s of 3.3 nM and 2.8 nM in cell-free assays, and has 130-fold selectivity for JAK1/2 over JAK3. Ruxolitinib induces autophagy and kills tumor cells through toxic mitophagy.
BP22552	Eribulin mesylate
BP22552	Eribulin mesylate (E7389 mesylate) is a microtubule targeting agent that is used for the research of metastatic breast cancer. Eribulin mesylate inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by binding microtubule proteins and microtubules.
BP22535	Dinaciclib
BP22535	Dinaciclib (SCH 727965) is a potent inhibitor of CDK, with IC50s of 1 nM, 1 nM, 3 nM, and 4 nM for CDK2, CDK5, CDK1, and CDK9, respectively.
BP22540	PX-478
BP22540	PX-478 is an orally active HIF-1α inhibitor with potent antitumor activities. PX-478 can cross the blood-brain barrier.
BP22555	Sepantronium bromide
BP22555	Sepantronium bromide (YM-155) is a survivin inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.54 nM.
BP22523	Thapsigargin
BP22523	Thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer, is an inhibitor of microsomal Ca2+-ATPase. Thapsigargin efficiently inhibits coronavirus (HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) replication in different cell types.
	Lapatinib
	Lapatinib (GW-572016, GSK572016, GW2016) is a potent inhibitor of EGFR and ErbB2 with IC50s of 10.2 and 9.8 nM, respectively, in cell-free assays. lapatinib induces ferroptosis and cellular autophagy.
	Ponatinib
	Ponatinib (AP24534) is a novel and potent multi-target inhibitor that acts on Abl, PDGFRα, VEGFR2, FGFR1 and Src in cell-free assays with IC50s of 0.37 nM, 1.1 nM, 1.5 nM, 2.2 nM and 5.4 nM, respectively. Ponatinib inhibits autophagy.
BP22520	Melatonin
BP22520	Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress.
BP22491	Temozolomide
BP22491	Temozolomide (NSC 362856) is an oral active DNA alkylating agent that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Temozolomide is also a proautophagic and proapoptotic agent. Temozolomide is effective against tumor cells that are characterized by low levels of O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (OGAT) and a functional mismatch repair system. Temozolomide has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects.