Autophagy

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism. In certain stressful situations, lysosomes degrade degenerated, damaged, aged or non-functional cells, organelles and biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to achieve cellular protection and organelles from cell damage. Autophagy is achieved by forming a bilayer membrane structure in the cytoplasm that wraps the material to be removed and transports it to the lysosome for degradation. In multicellular organisms, newly formed autophagic vesicles form autophagic endosomes by fusing with vesicles in different stages of the endocytic lysosomal pathway, such as early endosomes and late endosomes, before fusing with lysosomes, a process known as autophagic vesicle maturation. Abnormalities in autophagosome maturation, which is precisely regulated by cellular trophic state and stress signaling pathways, lead to the accumulation of large amounts of damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates in cells.

Cat. No.	Product name
BP12338	Tacrolimus
BP12338	Tacrolimus (FK506), a macrocyclic lactone, binds to FK506 binding protein (FKBP) to form a complex. Tacrolimus inhibits calcineurin phosphatase, which inhibits T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription. Immunosuppressive properties.
BP12339	Balixafortide
BP12339	Balixafortide (POL6326) is a potent, selective, well-tolerated peptidic CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 < 10 nM and it is also a potent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilizing agent. Anti-cancer effects. Balixafortide blocks β-arrestin recruitment and calcium flux with IC50s < 10 nM. Balixafortide shows 1000-fold selective for CXCR4 than a large panel of receptors including CXCR7.
BP12340	Fasudil hydrochloride
BP12340	Fasudil Hydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of ROCK1, PKA, PKC, and MLCK with Ki of 0.33 μM, 1.0 μM, 9.3 μM and 55 μM, respectively.
BP12341	NUCC-390
BP12341	NUCC-390 is a selective agonist of small-molecule CXCR4 receptor.
BP12342	Sertindole
BP12342	Sertindole is an atypical antipsychotic that binds to dopamine D2 receptors and the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C (Kds = 2.7, 20, 0.14, and 6 nM, respectively)
BP12343	Adapalene
BP12343	Adapalene is a dual RAR and RXR agonist, utilized in the treatment of skin conditions.
BP12344	Valproic acid sodium salt
BP12344	Valproate Sodium is the sodium salt form of valproic acid with anti-epileptic activity. Valproate sodium is converted into its active form, valproate ion, in blood. Although the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated, valproate sodium increases concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, probably due to inhibition of the enzymes responsible for the catabolism of GABA. This potentiates the synaptic actions of GABA. Valproate sodium may also affect potassium channels, thereby creating a direct membrane-stabilizing effect.
BP12345	Taurine
BP12345	Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes.
BP12346	Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate
BP12346	Noradrenaline bitartrate monohydrate is a direct alpha-adrenergic receptors stimulator.
BP12347	Omipalisib
BP12347	GSK2126458 is a small-molecule pyridylsulfonamide inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) with potential antineoplastic activity.
BP12348	U0126
BP12348	U0126, an effective and selective non-competitive inhibitor of MAP kinase, inhibits MEK-1 and MEK-2 with IC50 values of 0.07 and 0.06 μM respectively. U0126 inhibits autophagy and mitophagy.
BP12349	Tacrolimus monohydrate
BP12349	Tacrolimus monohydrate (FK506 monohydrate), a macrocyclic lactone, binds to FK506 binding protein (FKBP) to form a complex and inhibits calcineurin phosphatase, which inhibits T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription. Immunosuppressive properties.
BP12350	Triflupromazine hydrochloride
BP12350	Triflupromazine hydrochloride, an antipsychotic medication, is Dopamine D1/D2 receptor antagonists.
BP12351	Plerixafor
BP12351	Plerixafor, a chemokine receptor antagonist, blocks the binding of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1alpha) to the cellular receptor CXCR4.
BP12352	LY2562175
BP12352	LY2562175 is an effective and selective FXR agonist (EC50: 193 nM).
BP12353	Entrectinib
BP12353	Entrectinib is an inhibitor of TrkA (IC50: 1.7 nM), TrkB (IC50: 0.1 nM), and TrkC (IC50: 0.1 nM), as well as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK; IC50: 1.6 nM) and C-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1; IC50: 0.2 nM). Entrectinib blocks proliferation of ALK-dependent cell lines, including those with C1156Y or L1196M resistance mutations, and inhibits ALK‐dependent signaling. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of a non-small cell lung Y cell line bearing an EML4-ALK rearrangement. In mice bearing various ROS1, Trk, or ALK-driven xenografts, Entrectinib has been shown to induce tumor regression.
BP12354	Metformin hydrochloride
BP12354	Metformin HCl, a widely used anti-diabetic drug, has a potential function as an anti-Y medicine. It inhibits the proliferation of a variety of Y cells including colon, prostate, and etc.
BP12355	Letrozole
BP12355	Letrozole is an Aromatase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of letrozole is as an Aromatase Inhibitor.
BP12356	VER-155008
BP12356	VER-155008 is a potent Hsp70 family inhibitor with IC50 of 0.5 μM, 2.6 μM, and 2.6 μM in cell-free assays for HSP70, HSC70, and GRP78, respectively, >100-fold selectivity over HSP90.
BP12357	Capivasertib
BP12357	Capivasertib (AZD5363) is a new-type orally available inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase AKT (IC50s: 3/7/7 nM for Akt1/2/3).