Autophagy

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism. In certain stressful situations, lysosomes degrade degenerated, damaged, aged or non-functional cells, organelles and biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to achieve cellular protection and organelles from cell damage. Autophagy is achieved by forming a bilayer membrane structure in the cytoplasm that wraps the material to be removed and transports it to the lysosome for degradation. In multicellular organisms, newly formed autophagic vesicles form autophagic endosomes by fusing with vesicles in different stages of the endocytic lysosomal pathway, such as early endosomes and late endosomes, before fusing with lysosomes, a process known as autophagic vesicle maturation. Abnormalities in autophagosome maturation, which is precisely regulated by cellular trophic state and stress signaling pathways, lead to the accumulation of large amounts of damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates in cells.

Cat. No.	Product name
BP12418	Silmitasertib sodium salt
BP12418	Silmitasertib sodium salt is a potent and orally bioavailable, highly selective inhibitor of CK2(IC50 of 1 nM, CK2α).
BP12419	H-89 dihydrochloride
BP12419	H 89 is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA; IC50: 0.14 μM, Ki: 48 nM).
BP12420	Tubastatin A Hydrochloride
BP12420	Tubastatin A HCl is an effective and specific HDAC6 inhibitor (IC50: 15 nM). It has selectivity (>1000-fold) against all other isozymes except HDAC8 (>57-fold).
BP12421	BIX 02565
BP12421	BIX 02565 is a potent inhibitor of ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2, IC50: 1.1 nM).
BP12422	BPO-27 racemate
BP12422	Bpo-27 racemate is an effective CFTR inhibitor with IC50 of 8 nM.
BP12423	Trimetazidine dihydrochloride
BP12423	Trimetazidine dihydrochloride can improve myocardial glucose utilization by inhibiting fatty acid metabolism. Trimetazidine is the first cytoprotective anti-ischemic agent, also used as a vasodilator in ischemic heart disease or angina.
BP12424	Flavopiridol hydrochloride
BP12424	Alvocidib Hydrochloride is a synthetic N-methylpiperidinyl chlorophenyl flavone compound. As an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase, alvocidib induces cell cycle arrest by preventing phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and by down-regulating cyclin D1 and D3 expression, resulting in G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This agent is also a competitive inhibitor of adenosine triphosphate activity.
BP12425	CZC-25146 hydrochloride
BP12425	CZC-25146 is a selective LRRK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 4.76 nM/6.87 nM for wild type LRRK2 and G2019S LRRK2, respectively.
BP12426	4-O-Methylbutein
BP12426	4-O-Methylbutein (2',3,4'-trihydroxy-4-methoxychalcone) may have anti-inflammation activity, it is a potent heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducer, the upregulation of HO-1 has proven to be a useful tool for fighting inflammation.
BP12427	ATI-2341
BP12427	ATI-2341, pepducin targeting the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), is an allosteric agonist activating the inhibitory heterotrimeric G protein (Gi) to promote inhibition of cAMP production and induce calcium mobilization.
BP12428	Atorvastatin
BP12428	Atorvastatin is an orally active inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase,is a lipid-lowering agent (human SV-SMC proliferation and invasion with IC50s of 0.39 μM and 2.39 μM, respectively)
BP12429	Thymosin β4 acetate(75591-33-4 free base)
BP12429	Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a thymic hormone with multiple and different intracellular and extracellular activities affecting wound healing, inflammation, fibrosis and tissue regeneration.
BP12430	JNJ-42165279
BP12430	JNJ-42165279 covalently inactivates the FAAH enzyme but is highly selective with regard to other enzymes, ion channels, transporters, and receptors. JNJ-42165279 (10 μM) exhibits high selectivity against a panel of 50 receptors, enzymes, transporters, and ion-channels, at which concentration it does not produce >50% inhibition of binding to any of the targets. Fortunately, JNJ-42165279 (10 μM) also does not inhibit CYPs (1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4) or hERG.
BP12431	GSK343
BP12431	GSK343, a specific and effective EZH2 inhibitor (IC50=4 nM), exhibits 60 fold specificity activity against EZH1, and >1000 fold specificity activity against other histone methyltransferases.
BP12432	HG-10-102-01
BP12432	HG-10-102-01 is an inhibitor of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2, IC50 of 20.3 nM).
BP12433	GNE-7915
BP12433	GNE-7915 is a highly potent, selective and brain-penetrable leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitor.
BP12434	Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate
BP12434	Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate is a long chain fatty acid and inhibits fatty acid transport into cells. Sulfosuccinimidyl oleate is a potent and irreversible mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor with anti-inflammatory effect.
BP12435	Irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate
BP12435	Irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate ((+)-Irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with antitumor activity.
BP12436	Pemetrexed
BP12436	Pemetrexed, a guanine-derived antineoplastic agent, binds to and inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS).
BP12437	USL311
BP12437	USL311 is a CXCR4 receptor antagonist which prevents the binding of stromal-cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) to CXCR4. USL311 inhibits CXCR4 activation and decreases proliferation and migration of CXCR4-expressing tumor cells, with anti-tumor activity.