Autophagy

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism. In certain stressful situations, lysosomes degrade degenerated, damaged, aged or non-functional cells, organelles and biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to achieve cellular protection and organelles from cell damage. Autophagy is achieved by forming a bilayer membrane structure in the cytoplasm that wraps the material to be removed and transports it to the lysosome for degradation. In multicellular organisms, newly formed autophagic vesicles form autophagic endosomes by fusing with vesicles in different stages of the endocytic lysosomal pathway, such as early endosomes and late endosomes, before fusing with lysosomes, a process known as autophagic vesicle maturation. Abnormalities in autophagosome maturation, which is precisely regulated by cellular trophic state and stress signaling pathways, lead to the accumulation of large amounts of damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates in cells.

Cat. No.	Product name
BP12898	Mycro 3
BP12898	Mycro 3 is potent and selective for c-Myc in whole cell assays.
BP12899	Pexmetinib
BP12899	Pexmetinib (ARRY-614) is a potent, orally bioavailable, dual p38 MAPK/Tie-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 4 nM/18 nM in a HEK-293 cell line. Phase 1.
BP12900	Piperine
BP12900	1-piperoylpiperidine, (E,E)-, a alkaloid, has been used in trials studying the treatment of multiple myeloma and deglutition disorders.
BP12901	Glycycoumarin
BP12901	Glycycoumarin is an estrogen agonist, it shows moderate inhibitory effects against CYP1A2 and CYP2B6.
BP12902	Danirixin
BP12902	Danirixin is a potent antagonist of CXCR2 that inhibits IL-8 binding to CXCR2 (IC50: 12.5 nM).
BP12903	Omeprazole Sodium
BP12903	Omeprazole Sodium is a proton pump inhibitor(PPI) and suppresses gastric acid secretion. Omeprazole Sodium is a potent neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor (exosome inhibitor). Omeprazole Sodium shows competitive inhibition of CYP2C19 activity with a Ki of 2 to 6 μM. Omeprazole Sodium inhibits growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
BP12904	Ranolazine dihydrochloride
BP12904	Ranolazine(RS-43285), an antianginal agent, can treat arrhythmia via a novel mechanism of action (inhibition of the late phase of the inward sodium current), and do not affect blood pressure or heart rate.
BP12905	UNBS5162
BP12905	UNBS-5162 is a novel naphthalimide that decreases CXCL chemokine expression in experimental prostate cancers.
BP12906	Isoliquiritigenin
BP12906	Isoliquiritigenin, an anti-tumor flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, suppresses aldose reductase (IC50=320 nM).
BP12907	Cisatracurium besylate
BP12907	Cisatracurium Besylate is a nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant for intravenous administration.
BP12908	(-)-Epigallocatechin
BP12908	(-)-Epigallocatechin is the most abundant flavonoid in green tea, can bind to unfolded native polypeptides and prevent conversion to amyloid fibrils.
BP12909	Latrepirdine dihydrochloride
BP12909	Latrepirdine is an orally active, and neuroactive antagonist of multiple drug targets, including histamine receptors, GluR, and 5-HT receptors, used as an antihistamine drug.
BP12910	Irinotecan
BP12910	Irinotecan is an antineoplastic enzyme inhibitor primarily used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. It is a derivative of camptothecin that inhibits the action of topoisomerase I. Irinotecan prevents religation of the DNA strand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex, and causes double-strand DNA breakage and cell death.
BP12911	Pyrazinamide
BP12911	Pyrazinamide, an antimycobacterial, is utilized therapeutically as an antitubercular agent, which is a synthetic pyrazinoic acid amide derivative.
BP12912	Imiquimod
BP12912	Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that acts as a toll-like receptor 7 agonist.
BP12913	Valproic Acid
BP12913	Valproic Acid is a branched chain fatty acid which potentially enhances central GABAergic neurotransmission and inhibits Na+ channels. Currently, the various molecular mechanisms of action of Valproic Acid have not been completely elucidated. Valproic Acid has been reported to be a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in vitro. Valproic Acid is also noted to relieve HDAC-dependent transcriptional repression and causes the hyperacetylation of histones in cultured cells. Additionally, Valproic Acid is reported to activate Wnt-dependent gene expression and to mimic trichostatin A (sc-3511) in the inhibition of histone deacetylase.
BP12914	ALX 40-4C acetate
BP12914	ALX 40-4C acetate is a CXCR4 inhibitor of the chemokine receptor (Ki = 1 μM) and suppresses the replication of X4 strains of HIV-1. ALX 40-4C acetate is an antagonist of the APJ receptor (IC50 = 2.9 μM).
BP12915	ATI-2341 acetate(1337878-62-2 free base)
BP12915	ATI-2341 acetate is an effective allosteric agonist of CXCR4, it activates Gα1 instead of Gα13. ATI-2341 acetate activates inhibitory heterotrimeric G protein (GI) to promote the inhibition of cAMP production and induce calcium mobilization.
BP12916	Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, myristoylated acetate(201422-04-0 free base)
BP12916	Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, myristoylated acetate is a CaM kinase II inhibitor; enhanced cell permeable derivative of Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide. Pretreatment blocks reinstatement of morphine-seeking behavior in vivo.
BP12917	Balixafortide TFA (1051366-32-5 free base)
BP12917	Balixafortide TFA (POL6326 TFA) is a selective, well-tolerated peptidic CXCR4 antagonist (IC50 < 10 nM). It shows 1000-fold selective for CXCR4 than a large panel of receptors including CXCR7. Balixafortide TFA blocks β-arrestin recruitment and calcium flux (IC50s < 10 nM).