Autophagy

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism. In certain stressful situations, lysosomes degrade degenerated, damaged, aged or non-functional cells, organelles and biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to achieve cellular protection and organelles from cell damage. Autophagy is achieved by forming a bilayer membrane structure in the cytoplasm that wraps the material to be removed and transports it to the lysosome for degradation. In multicellular organisms, newly formed autophagic vesicles form autophagic endosomes by fusing with vesicles in different stages of the endocytic lysosomal pathway, such as early endosomes and late endosomes, before fusing with lysosomes, a process known as autophagic vesicle maturation. Abnormalities in autophagosome maturation, which is precisely regulated by cellular trophic state and stress signaling pathways, lead to the accumulation of large amounts of damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates in cells.

Cat. No.	Product name
BP12398	Ixazomib citrate
BP12398	Ixazomib citrate is a prodrug of Ixazomib (MMLN-2238). MLN9708 is an orally bioavailable second generation proteasome inhibitor (IC50 of 3.4 nM ) with potential antineoplastic activity.
BP12399	Meprednisone
BP12399	Betapar(Meprednisone) is a glucocorticoid and a methylated derivative of prednisone.
BP12400	CD437
BP12400	CD437 is a specifc Retinoic Acid Receptor γ (RARγ) agonist.
BP12401	Vinorelbine ditartrate
BP12401	Vinorelbine Tartrate, a semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid, interacts with tubulin resulting in mitosis inhibition.
BP12402	Usnic Acid
BP12402	Usnic acid is an antimicrobial, antitumor and enzyme inhibiting agent shown to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in mouse-liver mitochondria. Usnic acid induces necrosis in certain cells.
BP12403	PF-4708671
BP12403	PF-4708671 is a cell-permeable inhibitor of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K1 isoform).In cell-free assays, PF-4708671 is potent for S6K1(Ki50=20 nM, IC50=160 nM).
BP12404	UNC0638
BP12404	UNC0638 is an inhibitor of β-protein lysine methyltransferases G9a(IC50<15 nM) and GLP(IC50=19 nM) with excellent potency and selectivity over a wide range of epigenetic and non-epigenetic targets.
BP12405	(-)-Epicatechin gallate
BP12405	One of the catechin isomers and a potent antioxidant that can modulate a wide range of membrane proteins. Its bilayer-modifying potency was tested using gramicidin A (gA) channels as probes. All the catechins alter gA channel function and modify bilayer properties, with a 500-fold range in potency. The gallate group causes current block, as evident by brief downward current transitions.
BP12406	Erythromycin ethylsuccinate
BP12406	Erythromycin ethylsuccinate is a macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus.
BP12407	Colistin sulfate (1066-17-7 free base)
BP12407	Colistin is a cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus, composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2.
BP12408	Ulipristal acetate
BP12408	Ulipristal Acetate is an orally bioavailable, acetate salt of ulipristal, a selective progesterone receptor modulator with anti-progesterone activity. Ulipristal binds to the progesterone receptor (PR), thereby inhibiting PR-mediated gene expression, and interfering with progesterone activity in the reproductive system. As a result, this agent may suppress the growth of uterine leiomyomatosis. Furthermore, by inhibiting or delaying ovulation and effecting endometrial tissue, ulipristal can be used as an emergency contraception.
BP12409	(+)-JQ-1
BP12409	(+)-JQ-1 (JQ1) is a potent, specific, and reversible BET bromodomain inhibitor, with IC50s of 77 and 33 nM for the first and second bromodomain (BRD4(1/2)). (+)-JQ-1 also activates autophagy.
BP12410	KN-62
BP12410	KN-62 is a potent and specific Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor with Ki of 0.9 μM.
BP12411	Sulfacetamide sodium
BP12411	Sulfacetamide Sodium is an anti-infective agent. It is used topically to treat orally for urinary tract infections and skin infections.
BP12412	Sulfisoxazole
BP12412	Sulfisoxazole is a short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.Sulfisoxazole inhibits breast cancer exosome release by targeting endothelin receptor A.
BP12413	Sulfabenzamide
BP12413	Sulfabenzamide is a sulfonamide antibacterial agent used alone or with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.
BP12414	Sulfamerazine
BP12414	Sulfamerazine is a long-acting sulfanilamide antibacterial agent. Sulfamerazine inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) for the binding site on dihydropteroate synthase.
BP12415	GSK2578215A
BP12415	GSK2578215A is a potent and selective LRRK2 kinase inhibitor.
BP12416	Lomustine
BP12416	Lomustine is an alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
BP12417	Clioquinol
BP12417	Clioquinol is an orally bioavailable, lipophilic, copper-binding, halogenated 8-hydroxyquinoline with antifungal, antiparasitic and potential antitumor activities.