Autophagy

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism. In certain stressful situations, lysosomes degrade degenerated, damaged, aged or non-functional cells, organelles and biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to achieve cellular protection and organelles from cell damage. Autophagy is achieved by forming a bilayer membrane structure in the cytoplasm that wraps the material to be removed and transports it to the lysosome for degradation. In multicellular organisms, newly formed autophagic vesicles form autophagic endosomes by fusing with vesicles in different stages of the endocytic lysosomal pathway, such as early endosomes and late endosomes, before fusing with lysosomes, a process known as autophagic vesicle maturation. Abnormalities in autophagosome maturation, which is precisely regulated by cellular trophic state and stress signaling pathways, lead to the accumulation of large amounts of damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates in cells.

Cat. No.	Product name
BP12838	Monacolin J
BP12838	Monacolin J is a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor.
BP12839	Milciclib
BP12839	Milciclib (PHA-848125) is a potent, ATP-competitive CDK inhibitor for CDK2 with IC50 of 45 nM. It is >3-fold more selective for CDK2 than CDK1, 2, 4, 5, and 7. Phase 2.
BP12840	Clarithromycin
BP12840	Clarithromycin is a Macrolide Antimicrobial. The mechanism of action of clarithromycin is as a Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor, and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor. The chemical classification of clarithromycin is Macrolides.
BP12841	Esmolol hydrochloride
BP12841	Esmolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker used in parenteral forms in the treatment of arrhythmias and severe hypertension. Esmolol has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent drug induced liver injury.
BP12842	Cabergoline
BP12842	Cabergoline is an ergot derived-dopamine D2-like receptor agonist. It has high affinity for D2, D3, and 5-HT2B receptors (Ki=0.7, 1.5, and 1.2, respectively).Cabergoline permits rapid and effective hormonal and tumor control by normalizing prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas levels.
BP12843	Peretinoin
BP12843	Peretinoin is an oral acyclic retinoid with a vitamin A-like structure that targets retinoid nuclear receptors such as RXR and RAR.
BP12844	Lumefantrine
BP12844	Lumefantrine is an antimalarial agent used to treat acute uncomplicated malaria. It is administered in combination with artemether for improved efficacy. This combination therapy exerts its effects against the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium spp. and may be used to treat infections caused by P. falciparum and unidentified Plasmodium species, including infections acquired in chloroquine-resistant areas.
BP12845	Raloxifene hydrochloride
BP12845	Raloxifene hydrochloride is a second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.
BP12846	Skatole
BP12846	Skatole is produced by intestinal bacteria, regulates intestinal epithelial cellular functions through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and p38.
BP12847	Phenformin hydrochloride
BP12847	Phenformin is an agent belonging to the biguanide class of antidiabetics with antihyperglycemic activity.
BP12848	Acumapimod
BP12848	Acumapimod is an orally active inhibitor of p38α MAPK (IC50 <1 μM).
BP12849	Rotenone
BP12849	Rotenone is a botanical insecticide that is an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport. Rotenone is widely distributed in the Leguminosae (Papilionoideae).
BP12850	Azithromycin
BP12850	Azithromycin is an antibiotic by inhibiting protein synthesis, used for the treatment of bacterial infections.
BP12851	Lamotrigine
BP12851	Lamotrigine is an Anti-epileptic Agent and Mood Stabilizer. The physiologic effect of lamotrigine is by means of Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity.
BP12852	Mifepristone
BP12852	Mifepristone is a Progestin Antagonist. The mechanism of action of mifepristone is as a Progestational Hormone Receptor Antagonist.
BP12853	Itraconazole
BP12853	Itraconazole is a triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.
BP12854	Enalaprilat Dihydrate
BP12854	Enalaprilat（IC50=1.94 nM） is a potent angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.
BP12855	Arglabin
BP12855	Arglabin is a natural product isolated from Artemisia glabella, is a NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, has anti-atherogenic and anticancer effects.
BP12856	UVI 3003
BP12856	UVI 3003 is a highly selective antagonist of the retinoid X receptor. UVI 3003 inhibits Xenopus and human RXRα in Cos7 cells (IC50s: 0.22 and 0.24 μM, respectively).
BP12857	BIIB021
BP12857	BIIB021 is an orally-available, fully synthetic inhibitor of HSP90(Ki=1.7 nM, EC50=38 nM).