Autophagy

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism. In certain stressful situations, lysosomes degrade degenerated, damaged, aged or non-functional cells, organelles and biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to achieve cellular protection and organelles from cell damage. Autophagy is achieved by forming a bilayer membrane structure in the cytoplasm that wraps the material to be removed and transports it to the lysosome for degradation. In multicellular organisms, newly formed autophagic vesicles form autophagic endosomes by fusing with vesicles in different stages of the endocytic lysosomal pathway, such as early endosomes and late endosomes, before fusing with lysosomes, a process known as autophagic vesicle maturation. Abnormalities in autophagosome maturation, which is precisely regulated by cellular trophic state and stress signaling pathways, lead to the accumulation of large amounts of damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates in cells.

Cat. No.	Product name
BP12638	Onjisaponin B
BP12638	Onjisaponin B induces autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, increases the NGF level and accelerates both the removal of mutant huntingtin and A53T α±-synuclein, it may have potential therapeutic effects on Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease and Huntington disease.
BP12639	Tetrahydrocurcumin
BP12639	Tetrahydrocurcumin, a major metabolite of curcumin, has strong antioxidant and cardioprotective properties.
BP12640	Diazoxide
BP12640	Diazoxide is a benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.
BP12641	Zebularine
BP12641	Zebularine is a DNA methylation inhibitor. Acts as a transition state analog inhibitor of cytidine deaminase by binding to the active size as covalent hydrates. It also inhibits cytidine deaminase (Ki: 2 μM, in a cell-free assay).
BP12642	MPP+ iodide
BP12642	MPP+ iodide, the metabolite of a neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ induces dopamine transporter (DAT) externalization in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but internalization of serotonin transporter (SERT) in serotonergic (5-HT) neurons. MPP+ induces autophagic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells.
BP12643	YM-201636
BP12643	YM201636 (IC50=33 nM), a specific PIKfyve inhibitor, is less effective to p110α and insensitive to Fabl, which is yeast orthologue.
BP12644	Elaiophylin
BP12644	Elaiophylin shows antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1a and Trypanosoma brucei brucei GUTat 3.1 strains with IC50 of 0.36 μM and 0.45 μM, respectively.
BP12645	ALLO-1
BP12645	ALLO-1 is an autophagy receptor and is essential for autophagosome formation around paternal organelles and directly binds to the worm LC3 homologue LGG-1 through its LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif.
BP12646	Sulindac
BP12646	Sulindac is a sulfinylindene derivative prodrug with potential antineoplastic activity. Converted in vivo to an active metabolite, sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), blocks cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDE), an enzyme that inhibits the normal apoptosis signal pathway; this inhibition permits the apoptotic signal pathway to proceed unopposed, resulting in apoptotic cell death.
BP12647	Dinoprost tromethamine salt
BP12647	Dinoprost(Prostaglandin F2α) tromethamine salt is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used in medicine to induce labor and as an abortifacient.
BP12648	Isodeoxyelephantopin
BP12648	Isodeoxyelephantopin can inhibit the growth of various tumor cells.
BP12649	Nitrendipine
BP12649	Nitrendipine is a calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.
BP12650	TFEB activator 1
BP12650	TFEB activator 1 is an activator of transcription factor EB (TFEB) with promise for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
BP12651	Nitroxoline
BP12651	Nitroxoline is a urinary antibacterial agent active against susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative organisms commonly found in urinary tract infections.
BP12652	10058-F4
BP12652	10058-F4 is a cell-permeable thiazolidinone that specifically inhibits the c-Myc-Max interaction and prevents transactivation of c-Myc target gene expression; induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis.
BP12653	Dacinostat
BP12653	LAQ824 (Dacinostat) is a novel HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 32 nM and is an activator of the p21 promoter.
BP12654	MSX-130
BP12654	MSX-130 is CXCR4 Antagonist.
BP12655	palovarotene
BP12655	Palovarotene is an agonist of nuclear retinoic acid receptor γ (RAR-γ).
BP12656	Memantine hydrochloride
BP12656	Memantine hydrochloride is an AMANTADINE derivative that has some dopaminergic effects. Memantine hydrochloride has been proposed as an antiparkinson agent.
BP12657	10074-G5
BP12657	10074-G5 is an inhibitor of c-Myc-Max dimerization.