Autophagy

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism. In certain stressful situations, lysosomes degrade degenerated, damaged, aged or non-functional cells, organelles and biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to achieve cellular protection and organelles from cell damage. Autophagy is achieved by forming a bilayer membrane structure in the cytoplasm that wraps the material to be removed and transports it to the lysosome for degradation. In multicellular organisms, newly formed autophagic vesicles form autophagic endosomes by fusing with vesicles in different stages of the endocytic lysosomal pathway, such as early endosomes and late endosomes, before fusing with lysosomes, a process known as autophagic vesicle maturation. Abnormalities in autophagosome maturation, which is precisely regulated by cellular trophic state and stress signaling pathways, lead to the accumulation of large amounts of damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates in cells.

Cat. No.	Product name
BP12658	Carboplatin
BP12658	Carboplatin is an organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity.
BP12659	Ginsenoside Rb1
BP12659	Ginsenoside Rb1 is part of a class of steroid glycosides; may have properties that inhibit or prevent the growth of tumors.
BP12660	Hesperadin
BP12660	Hesperadin(IC50=250 nM) effectively inhibits Aurora B. It potently reduces the activity of AMPK, MAPKAP-K1, MKK1, Lck, CHK1 and PHK, but it could not inhibit MKK1 activity in vivo.
BP12661	Lithocholic acid
BP12661	Lithocholic acid is a bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.
BP12662	PFK-015
BP12662	PFK-015 is an effective inhibitor of PFKFB3 (IC50: 110 nM) and inhibits PFKFB3 activity in Y cells (IC50: 20 nM).
BP12663	Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride
BP12663	Trifluoperazine Dihydrochloride is a potent dopamine D2 receptor inhibitor used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.
BP12664	p38-α MAPK-IN-1
BP12664	p38-α MAPK-IN-1 is a MAPK14 (p38-α) inhibitor with IC50 of 2300 nM and 5500 nM in EFC displacement assay and HTRF assay,respectively.
BP12665	Dilmapimod
BP12665	Dilmapimod is a potent inhibitor of p38 MAPK,it potentially suppresses inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
BP12666	R1487 Hydrochloride
BP12666	R1487 (Hydrochloride) is an orally bioavailable and highly selective inhibitors of p38α.
BP12667	Pamapimod
BP12667	Pamapimod (R-1503, Ro4402257) is a novel, selective inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. It inhibits p38α and p38β enzymatic activity with IC50 values of 0.014±0.002 and 0.48± 0.04 microM, respectively with no activity against p38delta or p38 gamma isoforms.
BP12668	Obeticholic Acid
BP12668	Obeticholic acid is a Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of obeticholic acid is as a Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist.
BP12669	mTOR inhibitor-1
BP12669	C-4 is a potential ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR. C-4 could inhibit cell growth and proliferation.
BP12670	AMG 487
BP12670	AMG 487 is a potent and selective antagonist of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3) which inhibits the binding of CXCL10 and CXCL11 to CXCR3 with IC50s of 8.0 and 8.2 nM, respectively.
BP12671	Navarixin
BP12671	Navarixin(SCH527123) is a novel, selective CXC chemokine receptor 2(CXCR2) antagonist that inhibits neutrophil activation and modulates neutrophil trafficking in animal models, characteristics that may be beneficial in the treatment of conditions with unbalanced pulmonary neutrophilia.
BP12672	SCH 563705
BP12672	SCH 563705 is an effective and orally available CXCR2 and CXCR1 antagonist (IC50s: 1.3 nM, 7.3 nM and Kis of 1 and 3 nM, respectively).
BP12673	Chenodeoxycholic acid
BP12673	Chenodiol is a bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.
BP12674	ZSTK474
BP12674	PI3K Inhibitor ZSTK474 is an orally available, s-triazine derivative, ATP-competitive phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity.
BP12675	3'-Hydroxypterostilbene
BP12675	3'-Hydroxypterostilbene, a natural pterostilbene analogue, effectively inhibits the growth of human colon cancer cells with IC50s of 9.0, 40.2, and 70.9 μM for COLO 205, HCT-116, and HT-29 cells, respectively, by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene inhibits the p38MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathways and activates the ERK1/2, JNK1/2 MAPK pathways.
BP12676	Isotretinoin
BP12676	Isotretinoin binds to and activates nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs); activated RARs serve as transcription factors that promote cell differentiation and apoptosis. Isotretinoin is a naturally-occurring retinoic acid with potential antineoplastic activity. This agent also exhibits immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory responses and inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, thereby decreasing polyamine synthesis and keratinization.
BP12677	VO-Ohpic trihydrate
BP12677	VO-Ohpic is a potent inhibitor of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) with IC50 of 35 nM.