Autophagy

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic mechanism. In certain stressful situations, lysosomes degrade degenerated, damaged, aged or non-functional cells, organelles and biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids to achieve cellular protection and organelles from cell damage. Autophagy is achieved by forming a bilayer membrane structure in the cytoplasm that wraps the material to be removed and transports it to the lysosome for degradation. In multicellular organisms, newly formed autophagic vesicles form autophagic endosomes by fusing with vesicles in different stages of the endocytic lysosomal pathway, such as early endosomes and late endosomes, before fusing with lysosomes, a process known as autophagic vesicle maturation. Abnormalities in autophagosome maturation, which is precisely regulated by cellular trophic state and stress signaling pathways, lead to the accumulation of large amounts of damaged organelles and toxic protein aggregates in cells.

Cat. No.	Product name
BP12478	Tolvaptan
BP12478	Tolvaptan is an orally bioavailable, selective, arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (V2, AVPR2) antagonist that can be used to treat hyponatremia.
BP12479	Adezmapimod
BP12479	SB 203580 is a p38 MAPK inhibitor (IC50: 0.3-0.5 μM). It shows more than 100-fold selectivity over PKB, LCK, and GSK-3β.
BP12480	PD 169316
BP12480	PD 169316 is a potent, cell-permeable and selective p38 MAP kinase inhibitor.
BP12481	SAR405
BP12481	SAR-405 is a potent and selective PIK3C3/Vps34 inhibitor (IC50:1.2 nM; Kd:1.5 nM) that prevents autophagy and synergizes with MTOR inhibition in tumor cells. SAR405 treatment also inhibits autophagy induced either by starvation or by MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) inhibition. Combining SAR405 with everolimus results in a significant synergy on the reduction of cell proliferation using renal tumor cells.
BP12482	Sulfalene
BP12482	Sulfalene, a long-acting sulfonamide antibiotic, is used for the therapy of chronic bronchitis, urinary tract infections, and malaria.
BP12483	PF-06454589
BP12483	PF-06454589 is a potent inhibitor of LRRK2.
BP12484	PF-06447475
BP12484	PF-06447475 is a highly effective, specific, brain penetrant LRRK2 inhibitor with IC0 of 3/11 nM for wild type LRRK2 and G2019S LRRK2 respectively.
BP12485	PFE-360
BP12485	PFE-360 is a potent and selective inhibitor of LRRK2 kinase (IC50: 2.3 nM in vivo).
BP12486	Sevelamer hydrochloride
BP12486	Sevelamer HCl is a phosphate binding drug used to treat hyperphosphatemia via binding to dietary phosphate and prevents its absorption.
BP12487	Rutin
BP12487	Rutin, a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.
BP12488	Ginkgolide K
BP12488	Ginkgolide K induces protective autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signalling pathway. It possesses neuroprotective activity.
BP12489	LG-100064
BP12489	LG-100064 is an agonist of retinoid-X-receptor (RXR)(EC50s of 330 nM, 200 nM, and 260 nM for RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ)
BP12490	Bexarotene
BP12490	Bexarotene is a retinoid analogue that is used to treat the skin manifestations of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).
BP12491	GNE-9605
BP12491	GNE-9605 is a highly effective, specifical, and brain-penetrant LRRK2 inhibitor (IC50: 19 nM).
BP12492	Efavirenz
BP12492	Efavirenz is a Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Non-Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of efavirenz is as a Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inducer, and Cytochrome P450 2B6 Inducer, and Cytochrome P450 2C9 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 2C19 Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitor. The chemical classification of efavirenz is Non-Nucleoside Analog.
BP12493	Plerixafor octahydrochloride
BP12493	AMD 3100 octahydrochloride blocks the binding of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1alpha) to the cellular receptor CXCR4, resulting in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) release from bone marrow and HSC movement into the peripheral circulation. Plerixafor is a bicyclam with hematopoietic stem cell-mobilizing activity.
BP12494	Isosorbide Mononitrate
BP12494	Isosorbide mononitrate is a Nitrate Vasodilator, dilating the blood vessels so as to reduce the blood pressure.
BP12495	BAR502
BP12495	BAR502 is a dual GPBAR1 and FXR agonist (IC50s: 0.4 μM and 2 μM).
BP12496	Salirasib
BP12496	Salirasib(Ki=2.6 μM), an effective competitive prenylated protein methyltransferase (PPMTase) inhibitor, inhibits Ras methylation with potential antineoplastic activity.
BP12497	MLi-2
BP12497	MLi-2 is a structurally novel, highly potent, and selective LRRK2 kinase inhibitor with central nervous system activity. MLi-2 exhibits exceptional potency in a purified LRRK2 kinase assay in vitro (IC50 = 0.76 nM), a cellular assay monitoring dephosphorylation of LRRK2 pSer935 LRRK2 (IC50 = 1.4 nM), and a radioligand competition binding assay (IC50 = 3.4 nM).