Primary Antibodies

DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLR2H gene. This gene encodes one of the essential subunits of RNA polymerase II that is shared by the other two eukaryotic DNA-directed RNA polymerases, I and III.

The function of C6orf130 remains largely unknown. Catalog#25249-AP is a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against the full-length of human C6orf130. The MW of this protein is 17 kDa, and this antibody specially recognises the 17 kDa protein.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FRS2 gene. FRS2 is an 80 kDa membrane-anchored signal transducing adaptor protein that links specific activated Receptor Tyrosine Kinases to multiple downstream signaling pathways, most notably the MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PLCγ pathways. It is overexpressed and amplified in several cancer types, including prostate cancer.

Human hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like 2 (HSDL2) is a characterized SDR gene that not only catalyses the oxidation and reduction of multiple substrates but also regulates different metabolic and signalling pathways. Accumulating evidences suggest that HSDL2 play an important role in cancer progression. HSDL2 has promoting effects on tumor progression in papillary thyroid cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, and glioma, but has suppressing effects in cholangiocarcinoma. ( PMID: 31372054, PMID: 32211805)

Human acid lipase/cholesteryl esterase (LIPA) is a 46-kDa glycoprotein required for the lysosomal hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides that cells acquire through the receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoproteins and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD). It has 2 isoforms produced by alternative splicing with the molecular weight of 45 kDa and 39 kDa. The full length protein has a signal peptide and several glycosylation sites.

SMAD7, also named as Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7, is a 426 amino acid protein, which belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family. SMAD7 Interaction with NEDD4L or RNF111 induces translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. TGF-beta stimulates its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. PDPK1 inhibits its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to TGF-beta. SMAD7 as antagonist of signaling by TGF-beta type 1 receptor superfamily members has been shown to inhibit TGF-beta and activin signaling by associating with their receptors thus preventing SMAD2 access. SMAD7 functions as an adapter to recruit SMURF2 to the TGF-beta receptor complex and also acts by recruiting the PPP1R15A-PP1 complex to TGFBR1, which promotes its dephosphorylation. SMAD7 positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.

KCC4, also named as Solute carrier family 12 member 7 (SLC12A7), is a 1083 amino-acid protein, which belongs to the SLC12A transporter family. As a multi-pass membrane protein, the molecular weight of KCC4 is 119 kDa. KCC4 mediates electroneutral potassium-chloride cotransport when activated by cell swelling. Moreover, KCC4 may mediate K+ uptake into Deiters' cells in the cochlea and contribute to K+ recycling in the inner ear. KCC4 is important for the survival of cochlear outer and inner hair cells and the maintenance of the organ of Corti (Uniprot, GeneID:10723).

RLIM (RING finger LIM domain-binding protein), also known as RNF12 (RING finger protein 12) or NY-REN-43, is a 624 amino acid RING-H2 zinc finger protein that is involved in protein ubiquitinylation and subsequent degradation. Expressed in a variety of tissues, RLIM binds to the LIM domain of various proteins and functions as a protein ligase that negatively co-regulates LIM homeodomain (LIM-HD) transcription factors. Through its interaction with Sin3A, a component of the histone deacetylase corepressor complex, RLIM is able to recruit the corepressor complex to LIM-HD proteins, thereby inhibiting LIM-HD transcription. In addition to recruiting the deacetylase complex to LIM-HD proteins, RLIM is able to bind to, ubiquinate and subsequently degrade CLIM proteins, which function as positive co-regulators of LIM-HD transcription factors. RLIM contains one RING-type zinc finger and is implicated in renal cell carcinoma. The calcualted molecular weight of RLIM is 69 kDa, but modified RLIM is about 70-75 kDa.

MTOR, also named as FRAP1, FRAP, FRAP2 and RAPT1, belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family.MTOR is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that functions as an ATP and amino acid sensor to balance nutrient availability and cell growth. MTOR is kinase subunit of both mTORC1 and mTORC2, which regulate cell growth and survival in response to nutrient and hormonal signals. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino-acids. mTORC2 is also activated by growth factors, but seems to be nutrient-insensitive. mTORC2 seems to function upstream of Rho GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton, probably by activating one or more Rho-type guanine nucleotide exchange factors. mTORC2 promotes the serum-induced formation of stress-fibers or F-actin. MTOR has a calculated molecular mass of 289 kDa, and always can be detected at about 250 kDa due to some modifications.

Myosin is one of the most important skeletal muscle proteins. MYH4 functions muscle contraction. The antibody is specific to MYH4.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is composed of A subunits predominate in skeletal muscle and B subunits are abundantly produced in brain and heart. The LDHA (lactate dehydrogenase A) and COPB1 (coatomer protein complex, subunit beta 1)genes, are involved in energy metabolism and protein transport processes. Both genes might play important roles in muscle development. It has some isoforms with the molecular mass of 27-40 kDa and can form a homotetramer.

CACNA1S, also named as CACH1, CACN1 and CACNL1A3, belongs to the calcium channel alpha-1 subunit (TC 1.A.1.11) family and CACNA1S subfamily. Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. CACNA1S gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. The antibody is specific to CACNA1S.

The cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins including CRABP1 and CRABP2 bind retinoic acid (RA), an important regulator of cell growth and differentiation, thus play an important role in RA-mediated differentiation and proliferation processes. It has been reported that CRABP1 influences the biological effects of RA in cell-selective manners by enhancing the physiological function of RA in keratinocytes or inhibiting RA-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells.

Human DNA topoisomerase II binding protein 1 (TopBP1) contains eight BRCT motifs that are found in proteins regulating the DNA damage response, transcription, and replication (1). In addition, TopBP1 shares sequence similarity with the fission yeast Rad4/Cut5 protein and the budding yeast DPB11 protein, both of which are required for DNA damage control and/or replication checkpoint control (2,3). Phosphorylation of TopBP1 occurs in response to DNA double-strand breaks and replication blocks (2). TopBP1 forms nuclear foci and localizes to the sites of DNA damage or the arrested replication forks (2,3). Downregulation of TopBP1 leads to reduced cell survival, probably due to increased apoptosis (2). TopBP1 functions as a transcriptional coactivator by enhancing the human papillomavirus (HPV) transcription/replication factor E2 (1). In addition, the HECT-domain ubiquitin ligase, hHYD, cooperates with TopBP1 in DNA damage response (4). TopBP1 specifically interacts with the C-terminal region of topoisomerase II beta, which suggests a supportive role for TopBP1 in the catalytic reactions of topoisomerase II beta through transient breakages of DNA strands (5). The gene encoding TopBP1 maps to chromosome 3q22.2 (5).

Syntaxin 11 (STX11) belongs to the syntaxin family. It interacts with the SNARE proteins SNAP-23 and VAMP. STX11 behaves as an integral membrane proteindespite the lack of a traditional transmembrane domain. The detection of STX11 in human cytotoxic lymphocytes suggests that this protein could play a role in the process leading to degranulation of secretory lysosomes.

CPI-17 is a phosphorylation-dependent inhibitory protein for smooth muscle myosin phosphate.

DCP1B belongs to DCP1 family. DCP1B is a core component of the mRNA decapping complex, a key factor in the regulation of mRNA decay

The HSFY gene is located in the male-specific region of chromosome Y (MSY), which is not involved in X-Y crossover events. HSFY gene is expressed exclusively in testis. HSFY is a DNA-binding protein that specifically binds heat shock promoter elements (HSE), and suggested to be implicated in spermatogenesis both in animals and humans.

Septin 6 belongs to the septins family which are conserved GTP-binding proteins functioning as dynamic, regulatable scaffolds for the recruitment of other proteins. They are involved in membrane dynamics, vesicle trafficking, apoptosis, and cytoskeletal remodeling. Septin 6 also interacts with hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5b RNA polymerase and NS5b-binding protein ( HNRNPA1) and may play a role in HCV RNA replication.

SLC16A4, also named as MCT5, is a proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter which can catalyze the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates. It has been reported that SLC16A4 is expressed in human intestine, liver and kidney.